> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://hanabiaiinc-him188-rename-multi-turn-simulation.mintlify.site/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Emotion Control

> Add natural emotions and expressions to your AI-generated speech

<Card title="Try it live in the API playground" icon="flask" href="/api-reference/endpoint/openapi-v1/text-to-speech" horizontal>
  Drop text with the markers below into the `text` field and send a real request to hear the emotion.
</Card>

## Overview

Fish Audio models support 64+ emotional expressions and voice styles that can be controlled through text markers in your input. Add natural pauses, laughter, and other human-like elements to make speech more engaging and realistic.

<Tip>
  This page shows S2 usage with `[bracket]` cues. If you use the legacy S1 model,
  wrap markers in parentheses instead; see [S1 (legacy) syntax](#s1-legacy-syntax)
  below for the full list, or the [Models
  Overview](/developer-guide/models-pricing/models-overview#s2-natural-language-control).
</Tip>

## How It Works

Add emotional or stylistic cues in square brackets within your text:

```text theme={null}
[happy] What a beautiful day!
[sad] I'm sorry to hear that.
[excited] This is amazing news!
```

The S2 TTS models will interpret these markers and adjust the voice accordingly.

## Complete Emotion Reference

### Basic Emotions (24 expressions)

| Emotion | Tag | Description | Example Context |
| - | - | - | - |
| Happy | `[happy]` | Cheerful, upbeat tone | Good news, greetings |
| Sad | `[sad]` | Melancholic, downcast | Sympathy, bad news |
| Angry | `[angry]` | Frustrated, aggressive | Complaints, warnings |
| Excited | `[excited]` | Energetic, enthusiastic | Announcements, celebrations |
| Calm | `[calm]` | Peaceful, relaxed | Instructions, meditation |
| Nervous | `[nervous]` | Anxious, uncertain | Disclaimers, apologies |
| Confident | `[confident]` | Assertive, self-assured | Presentations, sales |
| Surprised | `[surprised]` | Shocked, amazed | Reactions, discoveries |
| Satisfied | `[satisfied]` | Content, pleased | Confirmations, reviews |
| Delighted | `[delighted]` | Very pleased, joyful | Celebrations, compliments |
| Scared | `[scared]` | Frightened, fearful | Warnings, horror stories |
| Worried | `[worried]` | Concerned, troubled | Concerns, questions |
| Upset | `[upset]` | Disturbed, distressed | Complaints, problems |
| Frustrated | `[frustrated]` | Annoyed, exasperated | Technical issues, delays |
| Depressed | `[depressed]` | Very sad, hopeless | Serious topics |
| Empathetic | `[empathetic]` | Understanding, caring | Support, counseling |
| Embarrassed | `[embarrassed]` | Ashamed, awkward | Apologies, mistakes |
| Disgusted | `[disgusted]` | Repelled, revolted | Negative reviews |
| Moved | `[moved]` | Emotionally touched | Heartfelt moments |
| Proud | `[proud]` | Accomplished, satisfied | Achievements, praise |
| Relaxed | `[relaxed]` | At ease, casual | Casual conversation |
| Grateful | `[grateful]` | Thankful, appreciative | Thanks, appreciation |
| Curious | `[curious]` | Inquisitive, interested | Questions, exploration |
| Sarcastic | `[sarcastic]` | Ironic, mocking | Humor, criticism |

### Advanced Emotions (25 expressions)

| Emotion | Tag | Description | Example Context |
| - | - | - | - |
| Disdainful | `[disdainful]` | Contemptuous, scornful | Criticism, rejection |
| Unhappy | `[unhappy]` | Discontent, dissatisfied | Complaints, feedback |
| Anxious | `[anxious]` | Very worried, uneasy | Urgent matters |
| Hysterical | `[hysterical]` | Uncontrollably emotional | Extreme reactions |
| Indifferent | `[indifferent]` | Uncaring, neutral | Neutral responses |
| Uncertain | `[uncertain]` | Doubtful, unsure | Speculation, questions |
| Doubtful | `[doubtful]` | Skeptical, questioning | Disbelief, questioning |
| Confused | `[confused]` | Puzzled, perplexed | Clarification requests |
| Disappointed | `[disappointed]` | Let down, dissatisfied | Unmet expectations |
| Regretful | `[regretful]` | Sorry, remorseful | Apologies, mistakes |
| Guilty | `[guilty]` | Culpable, responsible | Confessions, apologies |
| Ashamed | `[ashamed]` | Deeply embarrassed | Serious mistakes |
| Jealous | `[jealous]` | Envious, resentful | Comparisons |
| Envious | `[envious]` | Wanting what others have | Admiration with desire |
| Hopeful | `[hopeful]` | Optimistic about future | Future plans |
| Optimistic | `[optimistic]` | Positive outlook | Encouragement |
| Pessimistic | `[pessimistic]` | Negative outlook | Warnings, doubts |
| Nostalgic | `[nostalgic]` | Longing for the past | Memories, stories |
| Lonely | `[lonely]` | Isolated, alone | Emotional content |
| Bored | `[bored]` | Uninterested, weary | Disinterest |
| Contemptuous | `[contemptuous]` | Showing contempt | Strong criticism |
| Sympathetic | `[sympathetic]` | Showing sympathy | Condolences |
| Compassionate | `[compassionate]` | Showing deep care | Support, help |
| Determined | `[determined]` | Resolved, decided | Goals, commitments |
| Resigned | `[resigned]` | Accepting defeat | Giving up, acceptance |

## Sound & Delivery Markers

These markers aren't emotions. They shape *how* a line is delivered, add natural human sounds, or layer in ambient effects. Combine them with the emotion cues above.

### Tone Markers (6 expressions)

Control volume, intensity, and emphasis. Place `[emphasis]` right before the word or phrase you want to stress:

```text theme={null}
This is [emphasis] really important.
```

| Tone | Tag | Description | When to Use |
| - | - | - | - |
| Hurried | `[in a hurry tone]` | Rushed, urgent | Time-sensitive information |
| Shouting | `[shouting]` | Loud, calling out | Getting attention |
| Screaming | `[screaming]` | Very loud, panicked | Emergencies, fear |
| Whispering | `[whispering]` | Very soft, secretive | Secrets, quiet scenes |
| Soft | `[soft tone]` | Gentle, quiet | Comfort, lullabies |
| Emphasis | `[emphasis]` | Stress a word/phrase | Highlighting key words |

### Audio Effects (11 expressions)

Add natural human sounds:

| Effect | Tag | Description | Suggested Text |
| - | - | - | - |
| Laughing | `[laughing]` | Full laughter | Ha, ha, ha |
| Chuckling | `[chuckling]` | Light laugh | Heh, heh |
| Sobbing | `[sobbing]` | Crying heavily | Optional text |
| Crying Loudly | `[crying loudly]` | Intense crying | Optional text |
| Sighing | `[sighing]` | Exhale of relief/frustration | sigh |
| Groaning | `[groaning]` | Sound of frustration | ugh |
| Panting | `[panting]` | Out of breath | huff, puff |
| Gasping | `[gasping]` | Sharp intake of breath | gasp |
| Yawning | `[yawning]` | Tired sound | yawn |
| Snoring | `[snoring]` | Sleep sound | zzz |
| Clear Throat | `[clear throat]` | Throat-clearing sound | ahem |

### Special Effects

Additional markers for atmosphere and context:

| Effect | Tag | Description |
| - | - | - |
| Audience Laughter | `[audience laughing]` | Crowd laughing sound |
| Background Laughter | `[background laughter]` | Ambient laughter |
| Crowd Laughter | `[crowd laughing]` | Large group laughing |
| Short Pause | `[break]` | Brief pause in speech |
| Long Pause | `[long-break]` | Extended pause in speech |

You can also use natural expressions like "Ha,ha,ha" for laughter without tags.

## Usage Guidelines

### Placement Rules

**For S2:**

* Sentence-level emotion cues usually work best at the beginning of sentences
* Tone controls can go anywhere in the text
* Sound effects can go anywhere in the text
* Bracket cues can use natural language descriptions and are not limited to a fixed set of tags

**Correct:**

```text theme={null}
[happy] What a wonderful day!
What a [warm and happy] wonderful day!
```

## Advanced Techniques

### Combining Effects

You can layer multiple emotions for complex expressions:

```text theme={null}
[sad][whispering] I miss you so much.
[angry][shouting] Get out of here now!
[excited][laughing] We won! Ha ha!
```

### Emotion Transitions

Create natural emotional progressions:

```text theme={null}
[happy] I got the promotion!
[uncertain] But... it means relocating.
[sad] I'll miss everyone here.
[hopeful] Though it's a great opportunity.
[determined] I'm going to make it work!
```

### Background Effects

Add atmospheric sounds:

```text theme={null}
The comedy show was amazing [audience laughing]
Everyone was having fun [background laughter]
The crowd loved it [crowd laughing]
```

### Intensity Modifiers

Fine-tune emotional intensity with descriptive modifiers:

```text theme={null}
[slightly sad] I'm a bit disappointed.
[very excited] This is absolutely amazing!
[extremely angry] This is unacceptable!
```

## Language Support

All 13 supported languages can use emotion markers. For sentence-level control, cues usually work best at the sentence start in these languages:

* **English, Chinese, Japanese, German, French, Spanish, Korean, Arabic, Russian, Dutch, Italian, Polish, Portuguese**

## Best Practices

### Do's

* Use one primary emotion per sentence
* Test different emotion combinations
* Match emotions to context logically
* Add appropriate text after sound effects (e.g., "Ha ha" after laughing)
* Use natural expressions when possible
* Space out emotional changes for realism

### Don'ts

* Don't overuse emotion tags in short text
* Don't mix conflicting emotions
* Don't make bracket descriptions so long that they interrupt readability
* Don't forget brackets
* Don't place sentence-level emotion cues far from the sentence they control

## Common Use Cases

### Customer Service

```text theme={null}
[friendly] Hello! How can I help you today?
[empathetic] I understand your frustration.
[confident] I'll resolve this for you right away.
[grateful] Thank you for your patience!
```

### Storytelling

```text theme={null}
[narrator] Once upon a time...
[mysterious][whispering] The old house stood silent.
[scared] "Is anyone there?" she called out.
[relieved][sighing] No one answered. Phew.
```

### Educational Content

```text theme={null}
[enthusiastic] Welcome to today's lesson!
[curious] Have you ever wondered why?
[encouraging] That's a great question!
[proud] Excellent work!
```

### Marketing & Sales

```text theme={null}
[excited] Introducing our newest product!
[confident] You won't find better quality anywhere.
[urgent] Limited time offer!
[satisfied] Join thousands of happy customers!
```

## Troubleshooting

### Emotion Not Working?

1. **Check placement** - Put the cue where the emotion or effect should begin
2. **Keep wording clear** - Use concise natural language descriptions
3. **Use the right syntax** - S2 cues use square brackets; S1 cues must use parentheses

### Unnatural Sound?

* Space out emotional changes
* Use appropriate intensity
* Test with different voices
* Add context text after sound effects

### Performance Notes

* Emotion markers don't count toward token limits
* No additional latency for emotion processing
* All emotions available on all pricing tiers
* Maximum of 3 combined emotions per sentence recommended

## Quick Reference Tables

### Emotion Intensity Scale

| Base Emotion | Mild | Moderate | Intense |
| - | - | - | - |
| Happy | satisfied | happy | delighted |
| Sad | disappointed | sad | depressed |
| Angry | frustrated | angry | furious |
| Scared | nervous | scared | terrified |
| Excited | interested | excited | ecstatic |

### Common Combinations

| Scenario | Emotion Combo | Example |
| - | - | - |
| Whispered Secret | `[mysterious][whispering]` | "I have something to tell you..." |
| Angry Shout | `[angry][shouting]` | "Stop right there!" |
| Sad Sigh | `[sad][sighing]` | "I wish things were different. Sigh." |
| Excited Laugh | `[excited][laughing]` | "We did it! Ha ha!" |
| Nervous Question | `[nervous][uncertain]` | "Are you sure about this?" |

## S1 (legacy) syntax

The **S2-Pro** and **S2.1-Pro** family models use `[bracket]` cues with free-form natural language. The previous-generation **S1** model uses the same emotion names but requires `(parentheses)` and a fixed tag set:

```text theme={null}
(happy) What a beautiful day!
(sad)(whispering) I'll miss you so much.
```

<AccordionGroup>
  <Accordion title="Basic emotions (S1)">
    | Emotion | Tag | Description | Example Context |
    | - | - | - | - |
    | Happy | `(happy)` | Cheerful, upbeat tone | Good news, greetings |
    | Sad | `(sad)` | Melancholic, downcast | Sympathy, bad news |
    | Angry | `(angry)` | Frustrated, aggressive | Complaints, warnings |
    | Excited | `(excited)` | Energetic, enthusiastic | Announcements, celebrations |
    | Calm | `(calm)` | Peaceful, relaxed | Instructions, meditation |
    | Nervous | `(nervous)` | Anxious, uncertain | Disclaimers, apologies |
    | Confident | `(confident)` | Assertive, self-assured | Presentations, sales |
    | Surprised | `(surprised)` | Shocked, amazed | Reactions, discoveries |
    | Satisfied | `(satisfied)` | Content, pleased | Confirmations, reviews |
    | Delighted | `(delighted)` | Very pleased, joyful | Celebrations, compliments |
    | Scared | `(scared)` | Frightened, fearful | Warnings, horror stories |
    | Worried | `(worried)` | Concerned, troubled | Concerns, questions |
    | Upset | `(upset)` | Disturbed, distressed | Complaints, problems |
    | Frustrated | `(frustrated)` | Annoyed, exasperated | Technical issues, delays |
    | Depressed | `(depressed)` | Very sad, hopeless | Serious topics |
    | Empathetic | `(empathetic)` | Understanding, caring | Support, counseling |
    | Embarrassed | `(embarrassed)` | Ashamed, awkward | Apologies, mistakes |
    | Disgusted | `(disgusted)` | Repelled, revolted | Negative reviews |
    | Moved | `(moved)` | Emotionally touched | Heartfelt moments |
    | Proud | `(proud)` | Accomplished, satisfied | Achievements, praise |
    | Relaxed | `(relaxed)` | At ease, casual | Casual conversation |
    | Grateful | `(grateful)` | Thankful, appreciative | Thanks, appreciation |
    | Curious | `(curious)` | Inquisitive, interested | Questions, exploration |
    | Sarcastic | `(sarcastic)` | Ironic, mocking | Humor, criticism |
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Advanced emotions (S1)">
    | Emotion | Tag | Description | Example Context |
    | - | - | - | - |
    | Disdainful | `(disdainful)` | Contemptuous, scornful | Criticism, rejection |
    | Unhappy | `(unhappy)` | Discontent, dissatisfied | Complaints, feedback |
    | Anxious | `(anxious)` | Very worried, uneasy | Urgent matters |
    | Hysterical | `(hysterical)` | Uncontrollably emotional | Extreme reactions |
    | Indifferent | `(indifferent)` | Uncaring, neutral | Neutral responses |
    | Uncertain | `(uncertain)` | Doubtful, unsure | Speculation, questions |
    | Doubtful | `(doubtful)` | Skeptical, questioning | Disbelief, questioning |
    | Confused | `(confused)` | Puzzled, perplexed | Clarification requests |
    | Disappointed | `(disappointed)` | Let down, dissatisfied | Unmet expectations |
    | Regretful | `(regretful)` | Sorry, remorseful | Apologies, mistakes |
    | Guilty | `(guilty)` | Culpable, responsible | Confessions, apologies |
    | Ashamed | `(ashamed)` | Deeply embarrassed | Serious mistakes |
    | Jealous | `(jealous)` | Envious, resentful | Comparisons |
    | Envious | `(envious)` | Wanting what others have | Admiration with desire |
    | Hopeful | `(hopeful)` | Optimistic about future | Future plans |
    | Optimistic | `(optimistic)` | Positive outlook | Encouragement |
    | Pessimistic | `(pessimistic)` | Negative outlook | Warnings, doubts |
    | Nostalgic | `(nostalgic)` | Longing for the past | Memories, stories |
    | Lonely | `(lonely)` | Isolated, alone | Emotional content |
    | Bored | `(bored)` | Uninterested, weary | Disinterest |
    | Contemptuous | `(contemptuous)` | Showing contempt | Strong criticism |
    | Sympathetic | `(sympathetic)` | Showing sympathy | Condolences |
    | Compassionate | `(compassionate)` | Showing deep care | Support, help |
    | Determined | `(determined)` | Resolved, decided | Goals, commitments |
    | Resigned | `(resigned)` | Accepting defeat | Giving up, acceptance |
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Tone markers (S1)">
    | Tone | Tag | Description | When to Use |
    | - | - | - | - |
    | Hurried | `(in a hurry tone)` | Rushed, urgent | Time-sensitive information |
    | Shouting | `(shouting)` | Loud, calling out | Getting attention |
    | Screaming | `(screaming)` | Very loud, panicked | Emergencies, fear |
    | Whispering | `(whispering)` | Very soft, secretive | Secrets, quiet scenes |
    | Soft | `(soft tone)` | Gentle, quiet | Comfort, lullabies |
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Audio effects (S1)">
    | Effect | Tag | Description | Suggested Text |
    | - | - | - | - |
    | Laughing | `(laughing)` | Full laughter | Ha, ha, ha |
    | Chuckling | `(chuckling)` | Light laugh | Heh, heh |
    | Sobbing | `(sobbing)` | Crying heavily | (optional) |
    | Crying Loudly | `(crying loudly)` | Intense crying | (optional) |
    | Sighing | `(sighing)` | Exhale of relief/frustration | sigh |
    | Groaning | `(groaning)` | Sound of frustration | ugh |
    | Panting | `(panting)` | Out of breath | huff, puff |
    | Gasping | `(gasping)` | Sharp intake of breath | gasp |
    | Yawning | `(yawning)` | Tired sound | yawn |
    | Snoring | `(snoring)` | Sleep sound | zzz |
  </Accordion>

  <Accordion title="Special effects (S1)">
    | Effect | Tag | Description |
    | - | - | - |
    | Audience Laughter | `(audience laughing)` | Crowd laughing sound |
    | Background Laughter | `(background laughter)` | Ambient laughter |
    | Crowd Laughter | `(crowd laughing)` | Large group laughing |
    | Short Pause | `(break)` | Brief pause in speech |
    | Long Pause | `(long-break)` | Extended pause in speech |
  </Accordion>
</AccordionGroup>

## See Also

* [API Reference](/api-reference/introduction) - Implementation details
* [Text-to-Speech Guide and Best Practices](/features/text-to-speech)